Eritrea Shocks East Africa: Withdraws from IGAD Amid Rising Regional Tensions
After rejoining just two years ago, Eritrea exits the East African bloc again, raising questions about Horn of Africa stability and IGAD’s influence.
Eritrea formally withdrew from the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), the East African regional bloc, last Friday, signaling a significant shift in its approach to regional diplomacy. In a statement released in mid‑December, the Eritrean government said IGAD had “forfeited its legal mandate and authority” and failed to deliver on its mission of fostering stability and cooperation in the Horn of Africa.
The withdrawal comes two years after Eritrea rejoined IGAD in June 2023, following nearly two decades of absence. Despite its return, Eritrea had limited participation in the bloc’s meetings and initiatives, raising questions about the durability of its engagement. This marks Eritrea’s second formal exit from IGAD, having previously left in 2007, underscoring a pattern of sporadic involvement with regional institutions.
IGAD reacted by expressing regret over Eritrea’s decision in a press release, noting its lack of engagement since rejoining. The bloc reaffirmed its openness to dialogue and emphasized that it remains committed to regional cooperation on issues including security, trade, and development.
Eritrea’s withdrawal occurs against a backdrop of escalating tensions in the Horn of Africa, particularly with neighboring Ethiopia. The exit could further complicate ongoing efforts to manage cross-border security concerns and mediate conflicts. The United Nations has also expressed concern, noting that Eritrea’s absence may weaken regional coordination on humanitarian and economic challenges.
Observers suggest that Eritrea’s decision reflects a broader strategy of selective engagement, prioritizing national sovereignty over multilateral commitments. While the immediate operational impact on IGAD may be limited, the move highlights persistent difficulties in building cohesive regional governance in East Africa.
For IGAD, Eritrea’s exit highlights ongoing challenges in maintaining a balance between collective action and individual state interests. The organization faces the task of sustaining its initiatives without full participation from a key member, while also navigating a region where political tensions and security concerns remain acute.
Eritrea’s withdrawal is unlikely to be the final word. Shifts in the Horn’s security environment, domestic political calculations, or diplomatic pressures could influence Eritrea’s future stance toward IGAD, leaving room for potential re-engagement or further estrangement.
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